Clonal cleaning and in vitro multiplication of Angelonia integerrima sprengel / Limpeza clonal e multiplicação in vitro de Angelonia integerrima sprengel

The objective of this study is to test stem apex sizes in the in vitro establishing of Angelonia integerrima in order to obtain explants without by fungi and bacteria contamination for further multiplications. The treatments consisted of different stem apex sizes (1.0, 3.0, 5.0, 7.0, 9.0 and 11.0 mm). At 45 and 90 days of cultivation, a count of contaminated explants and a count of shoots per explant formed were performed. In a second experiment, explants were cultivated in a medium containing different concentrations of benzylaminopurine (BAP) (0.0, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15 and 0.20 mg L-1). After 56 days of cultivation, the following variables were evaluated: shoot length, shoot fresh mass and number of shoots. During the explant establishment phase (45 days), only stem apexes with 1.0 mm in size were not contaminated. However, in the second subculture (at 90 days), only shoots from initial explants, with 7 mm in size or larger, were contaminated. Regarding multiplication, the presence of BAP showed a positive linear behavior for all variables. It is possible to obtain A. integerrima seedlings free of contamination in vitro by fungi and bacteria, using initial explants less than or equal to 5 mm. IBA provided a linear increment for the multiplication of this species.

O objetivo do trabalho foi testar tamanhos de ápices caulinares no estabelecimento in vitro de Angelonia integerrima, a fim de obter explantes sem contaminações por fungos e bactérias para posterior multiplicação. Os tratamentos consistiram de tamanhos de ápices caulinares: 1,0; 3,0; 5,0; 7,0; 9,0 e 11,0 mm. Após 45 e 90 dias de cultivo foi realizada a contagem de explantes contaminados e o número de brotos formados por explante. Em um segundo experimento, explantes foram cultivados em meio contendo diferentes concentrações de benzilaminopurina (BAP): 0,0; 0,05; 0,10; 0,15 e 0,20 mg L-1. Após 56 dias de cultivo foram avaliados: comprimento e massa fresca da parte aérea e número de brotos. Durante a fase de estabelecimento (45 dias), somente explantes com 1,0 mm não apresentaram contaminação, já no segundo subcultivo (aos 90 dias) somente brotações oriundas de explantes com tamanho inicial igual ou superior a 7 mm apresentaram contaminação. Com relação à multiplicação, a presença de BAP apresentou comportamento linear positivo para todas as variáveis analisadas. É possível obter mudas de A. integerrima livres de contaminações in vitro por fungos e bactérias, utilizando explantes iniciais menores ou iguais a 5 mm. O BAP proporcionou incremento linear para a multiplicação da espécie.

The physicochemical properties of fruits and seed germination of Campomanesia aurea O. Berg / Características físico-químicas de frutos e germinação de sementes de Campomanesia aurea

Campomanesia aurea is a potentially ornamental native fruit shrub. There are no studies on the seed germination capacity and fruit properties of the species. Therefore, the main goal of this paper was to describe the seed germination and the physical and chemical properties of fruits from two C. aurea accession areas. The study was conducted with fruits collected from two native vegetation areas located inthe Morro do Osso Natural Park and in the municipality of Barão do Triunfo, Brazil. Physical and chemical analyzes, seed counting and germination tests were performed. Results were submitted to ANOVA and the means were compared by t test at 5% error probability. C. aurea has oblong-shaped fruits weighting around 1.26 g with a high content of vitamin C. Each fruit usually has four intact seeds of which 3% are polyembryonic. Seed germination averaged 93% in 20 days. It is concluded that the C. aurea fruitscollected from two different accession areas differ in the concentration of TSS, TSS/TA ratio and vitamin C content, but not physically. Seeds have shown a high germination rate.

Campomanesia aurea é uma planta nativa e frutífera de porte arbustivo com potencial ornamental. Ainda não foram encontrados trabalhos que abordem as características dos frutos e acapacidade de germinação das sementes dessa espécie. O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar as propriedades físicas e químicas dos frutos e a germinação das sementes de dois acessos de C. aurea. O estudo foi conduzido com frutos coletados em áreas de vegetação nativa localizadas no Parque NaturalMorro do Osso, em Porto Alegre, e em Barão do Triunfo, RS. Realizaram-se análises físicas e químicas, contagem de sementes e teste de germinação. Os resultados foram submetidos à ANOVA e as médiasforam comparadas pelo teste t a 5%. Os frutos de C. aurea tem formato oblongo, pesam em média 1,26 g e apresentam elevado conteúdo de vitamina C. Cada fruto possui em média quatro sementes íntegras, sendoque 3% são poliembriônicas. A germinação média é de 93% e ocorre em 20 dias. Concluiu-se que os frutosde C. aurea coletados a partir de dois acessos diferem na concentração de TSS, na relação TSS/TA e no teor de vitamina C, entretanto, não há diferenças quanto às características físicas. As sementes da espéciepossuem alta germinação.

The physicochemical properties of fruits and seed germination of Campomanesia aurea O. Berg

Campomanesia aurea is a potentially ornamental native fruit shrub. There are no studies on the seed germination capacity and fruit properties of the species. Therefore, the main goal of this paper was to describe the seed germination and the physical and chemical properties of fruits from two C. aurea accession areas. The study was conducted with fruits collected from two native vegetation areas located in the Morro do Osso Natural Park and in the municipality of Barão do Triunfo, Brazil. Physical and chemical analyzes, seed counting and germination tests were performed. Results were submitted to ANOVA and the means were compared by t test at 5% error probability. C. aurea has oblong-shaped fruits weighting around 1.26 g with a high content of vitamin C. Each fruit usually has four intact seeds of which 3% are polyembryonic. Seed germination averaged 93% in 20 days. It is concluded that the C. aurea fruits collected from two different accession areas differ in the concentration of TSS, TSS/TA ratio and vitamin C content, but not physically. Seeds have shown a high germination rate.